COMPARISON
I think that Galileo compares most with today's Stephen Hawking. They both like and have an interest in astronomy. Stephen wrote many books that now have made science accessible to everyone. Both Galileo and Stephen tried and is still trying to make science and astronomy easier for everyone to understand and make more discoveries.
HIS JOB TODAY
I think that in today's world, Galileo's job would most likely be a teacher, possibly a mathematician or a physicist. Also, since he was so fascinated with astronomy, he would most likely be an astronomer.